government virtually ceased

the United States did not make effective use of influence operations. In the case of the twenty-year war in Afghanistan, American influence operations (such as they were) had almost no bearing on the outcome. Indeed, as U.S. forces were withdrawn and the collapse of the Afghan republic appeared imminent in early 2021, attempts at mobilizing support for the government virtually ceased Retired Army Colonel Robert Curris, a former commander of the U.S. Army’s Fourth Psychological Operations Group ufabet